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Is water treatment chemical (calcium hypochlorite,TCCA,SDIC,BCDMH) good for pools?

  • Categroy:News
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  • Release Time:2019-12-20 17:05
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【Summary】In addition, in order to increase profits, some dark natatorium to change the frequency of water to reduce costs.Due to the need to reduce the number of bacteria in the pool, excessive chlorine prepar

Is water treatment chemical (calcium hypochlorite,TCCA,SDIC,BCDMH) good for pools?

【Summary】In addition, in order to increase profits, some dark natatorium to change the frequency of water to reduce costs.Due to the need to reduce the number of bacteria in the pool, excessive chlorine prepar

  • Categroy:News
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Release Time:2019-12-20 17:05
  • Views:
Information

Swimming, as a sport beneficial to both physical and mental health, is very popular among people. It is not only beneficial to improve the cardiopulmonary function, strengthen the body and shape the body, but also helpful to the recovery of physical injuries. 
Most of the swimming activities that people usually carry out are carried out in swimming pools. Most of the water in swimming pools is circulating water. The swimming pool water treatment equipment relies on circulating filtration and disinfection of the pool water, and the disinfectant plays a vital role.

 

 

Disinfectant refers to the preparation used to kill pathogenic microorganisms on the transmission media and make them harmless. It is different from antibiotics. Its main role in disease prevention is to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms outside the human body, cut off the transmission route of infectious diseases and achieve the purpose of controlling infectious diseases. Disinfectants are also often referred to as "chemical disinfectants". Swimming pool water and the human body skin direct contact, sometimes also can be inhaled. "All the organic matter in the water comes from decaying leaves, microbes and other dead life forms," said researcher Michael plewa, a professor of genetics at the university of Illinois.In addition to organic matter and disinfectants, there are swimmers' sweat, hair, shed skin, urine (one in five adults admit to urinating in the pool) and consumer products such as cosmetics and sunscreen they use." So the choice of disinfectant in the pool is closely related to human health.Around 4,000 people in the us are reported to go to hospital each year because of the effects of pool disinfectants.At present, the disinfectants in swimming pools in China are mainly chlorine disinfectants, and excessive chlorine is harmful to human body. Therefore, the disinfectant problem in swimming pools has become a topic of worldwide concern.

 

 

1.Common disinfectant for swimming pool water

 

The disinfectant in the swimming pool should be selected on the premise of not causing water and environmental pollution and not changing the water quality in the swimming pool. The disinfectant should have no stimulation to the human body or the stimulation is small, safe, non-toxic, no residue, and the bactericidal ability is efficient, rapid and lasting for a long time.In addition, the building structure, equipment and pipe corrosion is small.At present, the disinfectants used in swimming pools in China are usually chlorine disinfectants. The commonly used chlorine disinfectants include: inorganic chlorides, such as liquid chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, trisodium chloride phosphate, etc.Organochlorine compounds, such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanurate, bromochlorheine, etc.Compared with inorganic chlorine, its properties are not stable, and it is easy to decompose when exposed to light, heat and moisture, thus losing its active components.Organochlorine is relatively stable, but is unstable when dissolved in water.The higher the pH value of the solution, the weaker the bactericidal effect. When the pH value is greater than 8.0, the disinfectant loses its bactericidal activity.Organics obviously affect its bactericidal effect;For every 10 degrees Celsius increase in temperature, the sterilization time can be reduced by 50 to 60 percent.

 

2.The harm of common disinfectant to human body

 

Chlorine-containing disinfectant is widely used because it is a broad-spectrum fungicide, and has the advantages of rapid action and low price.

However, its toxicity can irritate people's eyes and skin, thus causing red eyes and rashes. Long-term contact with pool water can make people's hair turn yellow, skin redness and swelling, vaginal itching, endocrine disorders, etc.

Chlorine-containing disinfectants can react with organic substances in water to produce many carcinogens, especially for developing children.

Due to the strong corrosion of some chlorine preparations, so the storage, transportation, practical operation and other use conditions of higher requirements, slightly careless will cause the occurrence of accidents.

The following will be the main use of several disinfectants are analyzed.

 

2.1 liquid chlorine

 

Liquid chlorine refers to liquid chlorine (C2), containing 100% effective chlorine, strong bactericidal force, and has a strong continued bactericidal ability and the ability to remove algae deodorization and odor.

Cheap and relatively skilled, it is widely used to sterilize water.

But the general dose is not effective to virus, pathogen and so on.

After joining the swimming pool, it is extremely acidic and needs to add a large amount of alkali to adjust the pH value. Moreover, the amount of liquid chlorine is not easy to control. If too much fails to fully react, it will lead to the formation of toxic chlorine gas mist, which is extremely harmful to human body.

So, at present liquid chlorine is used rarely in swimming pool water disinfection, but still have a few black heart businessman to seek profit and take this kind of disinfection method, should cause to notice.

 

 

2.2 bleaching powder(calcium hypochlorite)

 

The main component of bleach is calcium hypochlorite [Ca(CI0)2], which is a common disinfectant with good bactericidal effect and can be used in swimming pools of different water quality.

In acidic environment, its bactericidal force is strong and rapid reaction, high concentration can kill bud cells.

But calcium hypochlorite is not easy to preserve, see light, damp, heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be reacted.

Aqueous solution is alkaline and sediment, and there is a layer on the surface of water to human stomach and intestines mucous membrane, respiratory tract, skin generation is stimulated, can cause cough and the white float that affects eyesight.

 

2.3 bromochlorhein

 

Commonly known as bromine tablets (C5H6BrCIN202), the active ingredients are chlorine and bromine, usually in crystalline powder and white tablets.

It is more stable than chlorine, has a milder smell and is less sensitive to changes in pH than chlorine.

But bromine can be corrosive at high doses, causing intense irritation not only to the skin, eyes and cells, but also to swimming pool conditions

 

 

Next, a carcinogen, bromate (BrO3-), is produced.

 

2.4 trichloroisocyanuric acid

 

Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is a chlorinated derivative of isocyanuric acid. Its molecular formula is C3N303Cl3, and its effective chlorine content is up to 90%.

Trichloroisocyanuric acid in the international promotion, because it is a high - efficiency, low toxicity, performance

 

A stable, broad-spectrum and fast disinfectant that can kill bacteria, spores, fungi, molds and cholera quickly and effectively

 

Isolated bacteria.

It has a strong effect on killing hepatitis a and hepatitis b virus, and also has a good disinfection effect on sexual virus and HIV.

 

TCCA is also the most widely used swimming pool disinfectant in China.

It is less irritating to the human body, as long as the residual chlorine content in the pool is kept within the limits set by the state, swimmers can rest assured.

The stabilizer in trichloroisocyanuric acid is cyanuric acid, cyanuric acid can make it stable under ultraviolet light, suitable for use in outdoor swimming pools, but use in indoor swimming pools will lead to over stability problems, high oxygen consumption.

TCCA in the form of solid effervescent tablets is not only convenient to use, but also makes it more water-soluble, can quickly form the bactericidal component chloric acid, and has the characteristics of - - tolerance to organic compounds.

The disadvantage is that harmful chlorine byproducts are produced.

 

 

 

3. The dosage of disinfectant should be reasonable

 

Because the disinfectant commonly used in swimming pools is mainly chlorine-containing disinfectant, excessive chlorine is very harmful to the human body, so it is crucial to control the dosage.The investigation report of national health supervision department shows: in recent years, the water of indoor and outdoor swimming pool is to use chlorine or chlorine.Chlorine in preparation for sterilization, disinfection of swimming pool water treatment process, not only will produce unpleasant excitant gas, also can make swimmers red eyes, yellow hair, skin easily crepe shrink, chlorine and ammonia in the water, urine, sweat and swimmers from other organisms, generated a lot of chloroform carcinogens and cross-linked with amine toxic substances.Among them trichloramine is a kind of stronger irritant gas, it is a kind of catalyst that causes asthma disease, can cause people lung permeability enhancement, make person easy

Asthma.

In addition, in order to increase profits, some dark natatorium to change the frequency of water to reduce costs.Due to the need to reduce the number of bacteria in the pool, excessive chlorine preparation is used to sterilize the pool water, which will result in more carcinogens of trichloromethane and irritating gas of trichloramine produced in the pool water, which will be more harmful to consumers and long-term poolside workers.For the adolescents who are in the period of growth and development, some damage caused by these toxic substances to them is great, should try to avoid contact with the residual chlorine substandard swimming pool water, do not go to the substandard swimming pool, if you feel uncomfortable while swimming, should leave as soon as possible and go to a doctor, so as not to cause irreversible consequences.

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As global trade activities gradually recover, the shipping industry is experiencing unprecedented shipping space shortages. Concurrently, shipping prices are showing significant upward trends, posing a crisis and challenge to the global supply chain. Crisis in the Global Supply Chain, Skyrocketing Shipping Costs This year, influenced by multiple factors such as escalating geopolitical tensions and regional conflicts, the global supply chain has fallen into a severe crisis. On one hand, the conflict in the Red Sea has affected the navigation through the Suez Canal. In response to blocked routes, a large amount of cargo has chosen to detour around the Cape of Good Hope. This not only significantly increased transportation costs and delayed delivery times but also increased carbon emissions. For instance, for a large container ship (with a capacity of 20,000-24,000 TEU) on the Far East to Europe route, if it detours around Africa, the additional emission costs calculated by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) for each voyage can reach as high as $400,000. To cope with the increase in transportation costs, many shipping companies have adjusted their freight rates, leading to a rise in shipping prices. On the other hand, the congestion and strikes at some European and American ports have resulted in large-scale sailing cancellations for European and American routes. According to Drewry’s data on canceled voyages, from September 30 to November 3, 2024, 100 voyages were announced canceled on the main east-west routes—trans-Pacific, trans-Atlantic, and Asia-Northern Europe and Mediterranean routes. The total number of canceled voyages accounted for 14% of the planned 693 voyages. The increase in the proportion of canceled voyages and the undiminished transportation demand led to severe overbooking and cargo rollovers starting in mid- to late October. According to the “China Export Container Transportation Market Weekly Report” released by the Shanghai Shipping Exchange on November 9, overbooking occurred on routes to North America, South America, Europe, and Southeast Asia at the end of October, with some routes extending to November. This situation also led to rising shipping prices. The report showed that on November 8, the market freight rates (including ocean freight and ocean surcharges) from Shanghai to the basic ports of Europe and the Mediterranean were $2,541/TEU and $3,055/TEU, respectively, up 4.1% and 5.1% from the previous period. The Shanghai Shipping Exchange’s Shanghai (SCFI) on November 8 was 2,331.58 points, up 1.2% from the previous period, marking the third consecutive week of increase, approximately 13% higher than the low on October 18. The skyrocketing shipping prices have not only brought tremendous pressure to the global logistics and supply chain but also further complicated the global transportation and trade network. High Freight Rates Likely to Persist Until the End of the Year To cope with market changes and alleviate the pressure of insufficient capacity, ensuring the stability and sustainability of transportation services, several globally renowned shipping companies such as Hapag-Lloyd, Hyundai Merchant Marine (HMM), and Maersk have recently announced new freight rate adjustment plans and notices for peak season surcharges. Hapag-Lloyd announced on October 30 that it would increase the FAK rates on the Far East to Europe route, effective from November 15, 2024. Hyundai Merchant Marine (HMM) announced in a customer notice that, starting from December 1, 2024, it will implement GRI (General Rate Increase) for all services from origin to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Maersk recently announced that it will impose peak season surcharges (PSS) on routes to Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and other destinations. At the same time, it will impose peak season surcharges on routes to Africa to address the ongoing tensions in the global shipping market. By adjusting freight rates and imposing surcharges, a certain balance between supply and demand can be achieved, ensuring the normal operation of shipping businesses, but it also unintentionally pushes up the price of the entire maritime market. At the same time, affected by festivals such as Thanksgiving and Christmas, the transportation demand on the European route remains high, which will continue to drive up the spot market freight rates. Therefore, shipping prices may continue to rise before the end of the year. Whether future freight rates can significantly fall mainly depends on the trends of geopolitical conflicts such as the Red Sea crisis and international situations. The increase in shipping prices is undoubtedly a good thing for shipping companies, but for enterprises, it will not only increase their transportation costs but may also affect the efficiency and cost structure of global trade activities. Especially for manufacturing and retail industries that rely on multinational supply cha
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